Automatically change your wallpaper on Linux
Having a beautiful wallpaper (desktop image) can boost your work environment aesthetic. I like the idea of swapping out the image regularly to keep things fresh.
I’m going to write a short script to set the desktop background to a random image, and use cron to run it regularly. First, I will look at doing this in Gnome, the default desktop environment for Ubuntu and some other distros. Then, I will look at an option that works in different desktop environments using a command-line tool instead (no scripting required).
This is what we want to happen on a schedule:
Gnome
Gnome 3 has a gsettings
command-line tool to view and change user settings. If you are using an older version of a distro, you may be using Gnome 2. If that is the case, you will need to use gconftool
instead.
User data is stored as key-value pairs. We just need to find the right keys to set.
The keys we are interested in are:
picture-options
: The rendering method. This decides what to do with the image if it is smaller or bigger than the screen resolution. I find thatscaled
works best most of the time: it centers the image and leaves it as its natural size if it is smaller, and it downscales the image if it is bigger.picture-uri
: The URI of the image file to display.
Change the folder
variable to point to a folder with images on your machine, and give the script a spin! Ensure the script has the ‘execute’ permission set by running sudo chmod +x /home/your-name/.local/bin/change-wallpaper
.
Now, we just need to set up a cron job to run the script regularly.
To make it work as a cron job, we need to set DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable to ensure we can communicate with Gnome from another process. Open crontable with crontab -e
and add the following lines to set-up a hourly job:
If you are not familiar with cron, you can use crontab.guru to help you make a different schedule.
Other Desktop Environments
If you are using Gnome, KDE or XFCE, you have access to user settings to change the wallpaper, like I demonstrated above. However, if you are using a lightweight desktop manager such Openbox, you will find that there is no way that you can set the wallpaper. In this case, Nitrogen will come in handy. Nitrogen is a simple, lightweight application that allows you to change the desktop background with a nice set of options.
To get the same result as the previous section, we run the command:
Let’s run it as a hourly cron job again. First, open crontable with crontab -e
and add the following lines to set-up a hourly job:
Depending on your specific desktop environment, you also may need to set an environment variable to facilitate interprocess communication. I discussed this for Gnome in the last section.
If you are not familiar with cron, you can use crontab.guru to help you make a different schedule.
Final Word
Now, all you need to do is stock up on some wallpapers! Wallhaven has a good selection of free, high-quality wallpapers if you are searching for some.
I have seen some other people download an “image of the day” from some cool places, such as Nasa’s Astronomy Picture of the Day, so they have a brand new wallpaper every day. You can extend the script yourself if you are interested in doing this.
That’s it! Enjoy your virtual views!